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Pathways to Social Impact

Strategies for Scaling Out Successful Social Innovations

A 14-page working paper from Duke's Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship, later revised for Stanford Social Innovation Review as "Scaling Social Impact". It asks what you are spreading (a programme, an organisation or a set of principles) and how: dissemination, loose to tight affiliation, or branching. Each option is tested against five R's: readiness, receptivity, resources, risk and return. Leaders and funders use its questions to pick a scaling path, including the option to wait.

Why it is in the libraryThe classic framework for choosing how to spread a proven model: dissemination, affiliation or branching, tested against five R's.

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How to cite

J. Gregory Dees, Beth Battle Anderson, Jane Wei-Skillern (2002). Pathways to Social Impact: Strategies for Scaling Out Successful Social Innovations. CASE at Duke University. https://case.fuqua.duke.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Article_Dees_Anderson_WeiSkillern_PathwaysToSocialImpact_2002.pdf

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